{ "dataset_version": "2026.10.25", "sources": [ "Eurostat Labour Cost Levels & Structure (lc_lci_lev) & National Statistical Offices 2025/2026", "Eurostat Electricity Prices for Non-Household Industrial Consumers (nrg_pc_205, Band IC/ID 500–20,000 MWh)", "CBRE, Colliers, Cushman & Wakefield, JLL & Panattoni CEE Industrial & Office Market Figures Q1–Q3 2026", "European Commission 2022–2027 Regional State Aid Maps & Just Transition Fund Amendments" ], "last_verified_utc": "2026-10-25T13:57:00Z", "hubs": [ { "hub_id": "pl-warsaw", "city": "Warsaw (Outer Metro Ring)", "country_code": "PL", "country_name": "Poland", "nuts2": "PL91", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 15, "medium_aid_pct": 25, "small_aid_pct": 35, "min_capex_large_eur": 23200000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1160000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.4, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.35, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 22.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 152, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1680, "manufacturing_engineer": 2950, "senior_rd_engineer": 4750, "ssc_specialist": 2350 }, "talent_pool_size": "480,000+ STEM & BSS", "logistics_score": "9.4/10 (A2 Berlin–Warsaw Highway, Central Air Cargo)", "special_zone": "Mazovian / Łódź SEZ (PSI)" }, { "hub_id": "pl-wroclaw", "city": "Wrocław (Lower Silesia)", "country_code": "PL", "country_name": "Poland", "nuts2": "PL51", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 25, "medium_aid_pct": 35, "small_aid_pct": 45, "min_capex_large_eur": 18600000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 930000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.9, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.25, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 15.8, "electricity_eur_mwh": 152, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1590, "manufacturing_engineer": 2780, "senior_rd_engineer": 4450, "ssc_specialist": 2180 }, "talent_pool_size": "215,000+ STEM & BSS", "logistics_score": "9.5/10 (A4 Motorway 150km to Dresden/Germany)", "special_zone": "Wałbrzych SEZ 'INVEST-PARK' (PSI)" }, { "hub_id": "pl-katowice", "city": "Katowice (Upper Silesia)", "country_code": "PL", "country_name": "Poland", "nuts2": "PL22", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 40, "medium_aid_pct": 50, "small_aid_pct": 60, "min_capex_large_eur": 11600000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 580000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.65, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.2, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 14.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 150, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1540, "manufacturing_engineer": 2690, "senior_rd_engineer": 4250, "ssc_specialist": 2080 }, "talent_pool_size": "260,000+ Industrial & STEM", "logistics_score": "9.6/10 (A1/A4 European Motorway Junction + Broad-Gauge Rail)", "special_zone": "Katowice SEZ (30% + 10% Just Transition Bonus)" }, { "hub_id": "pl-krakow", "city": "Kraków (Małopolska)", "country_code": "PL", "country_name": "Poland", "nuts2": "PL21", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 40, "medium_aid_pct": 50, "small_aid_pct": 60, "min_capex_large_eur": 9300000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 465000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.1, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.25, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 16.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 152, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1560, "manufacturing_engineer": 2760, "senior_rd_engineer": 4650, "ssc_specialist": 2250 }, "talent_pool_size": "290,000+ R&D & GBS (#1 in CEE)", "logistics_score": "9.0/10 (A4 Motorway + Kraków Airport)", "special_zone": "Kraków Technology Park (KPT — PSI)" }, { "hub_id": "pl-gdansk", "city": "Gdańsk / Tricity (Pomerania)", "country_code": "PL", "country_name": "Poland", "nuts2": "PL63", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 30, "medium_aid_pct": 40, "small_aid_pct": 50, "min_capex_large_eur": 14000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 700000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.85, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.2, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 15.6, "electricity_eur_mwh": 149, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1550, "manufacturing_engineer": 2740, "senior_rd_engineer": 4400, "ssc_specialist": 2150 }, "talent_pool_size": "175,000+ Maritime, Semi & IT", "logistics_score": "9.7/10 (Baltic Hub Deepwater Container Terminal + A1)", "special_zone": "Pomeranian SEZ (PSI)" }, { "hub_id": "pl-poznan", "city": "Poznań (Greater Poland)", "country_code": "PL", "country_name": "Poland", "nuts2": "PL41", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 25, "medium_aid_pct": 35, "small_aid_pct": 45, "min_capex_large_eur": 18600000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 930000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.75, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.2, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 15.2, "electricity_eur_mwh": 152, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1570, "manufacturing_engineer": 2720, "senior_rd_engineer": 4320, "ssc_specialist": 2120 }, "talent_pool_size": "165,000+ Automotive & Logistics", "logistics_score": "9.6/10 (A2 Autobahn 2.5 hrs to Berlin)", "special_zone": "Kostrzyn-Słubice SEZ (PSI)" }, { "hub_id": "pl-rzeszow", "city": "Rzeszów (Aviation Valley)", "country_code": "PL", "country_name": "Poland", "nuts2": "PL82", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 50, "medium_aid_pct": 60, "small_aid_pct": 70, "min_capex_large_eur": 2300000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 115000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.4, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.15, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 13.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 151, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1440, "manufacturing_engineer": 2520, "senior_rd_engineer": 3950, "ssc_specialist": 1920 }, "talent_pool_size": "95,000+ Aerospace, Defense & CNC", "logistics_score": "8.9/10 (A4 Motorway + Jasionka Cargo Hub + S19 Via Carpatia)", "special_zone": "ARP Euro-Park Mielec SEZ (Max 50%/70% Aid)" }, { "hub_id": "ro-bucharest", "city": "Bucharest / Ilfov Perimeter", "country_code": "RO", "country_name": "Romania", "nuts2": "RO32", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 20, "medium_aid_pct": 30, "small_aid_pct": 40, "min_capex_large_eur": 5000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1500000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.55, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.05, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 19.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 146, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1320, "manufacturing_engineer": 2450, "senior_rd_engineer": 4350, "ssc_specialist": 2050 }, "talent_pool_size": "340,000+ Engineering & Multilingual", "logistics_score": "8.9/10 (A0/A1/A2/A3 Ring + Otopeni Cargo)", "special_zone": "Ilfov Eligible Aid Ring + Sud-Muntenia 60% Belt (35km)" }, { "hub_id": "ro-cluj", "city": "Cluj-Napoca (Transylvania)", "country_code": "RO", "country_name": "Romania", "nuts2": "RO11", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 50, "medium_aid_pct": 60, "small_aid_pct": 70, "min_capex_large_eur": 3000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1000000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.6, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.05, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 16.0, "electricity_eur_mwh": 145, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1280, "manufacturing_engineer": 2380, "senior_rd_engineer": 4280, "ssc_specialist": 1980 }, "talent_pool_size": "145,000+ R&D, AI & Industrial Tech", "logistics_score": "8.6/10 (A3 Transylvania Highway + Cluj Int'l Airport)", "special_zone": "Tetarom Industrial & Tech Parks (50%/70% Cash Grant)" }, { "hub_id": "ro-timisoara", "city": "Timișoara (Western Border)", "country_code": "RO", "country_name": "Romania", "nuts2": "RO42", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 40, "medium_aid_pct": 50, "small_aid_pct": 60, "min_capex_large_eur": 3000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1000000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.35, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.0, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 14.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 145, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1260, "manufacturing_engineer": 2320, "senior_rd_engineer": 4050, "ssc_specialist": 1900 }, "talent_pool_size": "120,000+ Automotive & Embedded R&D", "logistics_score": "9.3/10 (Direct A1 Schengen Motorway to Budapest/Vienna)", "special_zone": "West Industrial Corridor (40%/60% Cash Grant)" }, { "hub_id": "ro-iasi", "city": "Iași (Nord-Est University Hub)", "country_code": "RO", "country_name": "Romania", "nuts2": "RO21", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 60, "medium_aid_pct": 70, "small_aid_pct": 80, "min_capex_large_eur": 3000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1000000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.2, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 0.95, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 14.8, "electricity_eur_mwh": 145, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1150, "manufacturing_engineer": 2120, "senior_rd_engineer": 3850, "ssc_specialist": 1780 }, "talent_pool_size": "110,000+ STEM (60,000 Students)", "logistics_score": "8.2/10 (A7/A8 Highway Expansion + Expanded Iași Airport)", "special_zone": "Nord-Est Maximum EU Cash Grant Zone (60% Large / 80% Small)" }, { "hub_id": "ro-brasov", "city": "Brașov (Central Transylvania)", "country_code": "RO", "country_name": "Romania", "nuts2": "RO12", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 50, "medium_aid_pct": 60, "small_aid_pct": 70, "min_capex_large_eur": 3000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1000000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.4, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.0, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 14.2, "electricity_eur_mwh": 145, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1240, "manufacturing_engineer": 2290, "senior_rd_engineer": 3950, "ssc_specialist": 1860 }, "talent_pool_size": "95,000+ German-Speaking Mechatronics", "logistics_score": "8.7/10 (New Brașov Airport + Central Rail/Road Hub)", "special_zone": "Centru DACH Industrial Cluster (50%/70% Cash Grant)" }, { "hub_id": "ro-craiova", "city": "Craiova (Sud-Vest Oltenia)", "country_code": "RO", "country_name": "Romania", "nuts2": "RO41", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 60, "medium_aid_pct": 70, "small_aid_pct": 80, "min_capex_large_eur": 3000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1000000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.1, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 0.95, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 12.8, "electricity_eur_mwh": 144, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1140, "manufacturing_engineer": 2080, "senior_rd_engineer": 3700, "ssc_specialist": 1720 }, "talent_pool_size": "80,000+ Automotive & Traction Engineering", "logistics_score": "8.5/10 (DEx12 Express Road to A1 Pitesti–Bucharest)", "special_zone": "Oltenia 60% Base + +10% Dolj Just Transition Bonus" }, { "hub_id": "cz-prague", "city": "Prague / Central Bohemia Ring", "country_code": "CZ", "country_name": "Czechia", "nuts2": "CZ02", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 15, "medium_aid_pct": 25, "small_aid_pct": 35, "min_capex_large_eur": 6400000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 800000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 7.4, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.4, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 27.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 164, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1820, "manufacturing_engineer": 3180, "senior_rd_engineer": 5100, "ssc_specialist": 2550 }, "talent_pool_size": "320,000+ R&D, Cyber & Advanced Engineering", "logistics_score": "9.6/10 (D1/D5/D8 Autobahn Ring, 3.5 hrs to Munich/Berlin)", "special_zone": "Central Bohemia Industrial Zone (15%–25% Aid + 200% R&D Deduction)" }, { "hub_id": "cz-brno", "city": "Brno (South Moravia)", "country_code": "CZ", "country_name": "Czechia", "nuts2": "CZ06", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 20, "medium_aid_pct": 30, "small_aid_pct": 40, "min_capex_large_eur": 3200000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 400000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 6.6, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.3, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 18.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 164, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1710, "manufacturing_engineer": 2960, "senior_rd_engineer": 4750, "ssc_specialist": 2350 }, "talent_pool_size": "160,000+ Deep-Tech, Microscopy & Semiconductor", "logistics_score": "9.4/10 (D1/D2 Junction — 90 mins to Vienna & Bratislava)", "special_zone": "Czech Technology Park Brno (CzechInvest Tech Center Track)" }, { "hub_id": "cz-ostrava", "city": "Ostrava (Moravia-Silesia)", "country_code": "CZ", "country_name": "Czechia", "nuts2": "CZ08", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 40, "medium_aid_pct": 50, "small_aid_pct": 60, "min_capex_large_eur": 1600000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 400000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.65, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.2, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 14.9, "electricity_eur_mwh": 162, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1610, "manufacturing_engineer": 2780, "senior_rd_engineer": 4350, "ssc_specialist": 2120 }, "talent_pool_size": "135,000+ Automotive, Supercomputing & Heavy Mfg", "logistics_score": "9.4/10 (D1 Motorway + Mošnov Multimodal Rail/Air Cargo)", "special_zone": "Mošnov Strategic Zone (30% Base + 10% Just Transition = 40% Large)" }, { "hub_id": "bg-sofia", "city": "Sofia (Capital & Bozhurishte Park)", "country_code": "BG", "country_name": "Bulgaria", "nuts2": "BG41", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 25, "medium_aid_pct": 35, "small_aid_pct": 45, "min_capex_large_eur": 3500000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 750000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.6, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 0.9, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 16.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 126, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1150, "manufacturing_engineer": 2150, "senior_rd_engineer": 4100, "ssc_specialist": 1820 }, "talent_pool_size": "210,000+ Software, Fintech & Automotive R&D", "logistics_score": "8.8/10 (A1/A2/A3 Corridor + Schengen Air/Land Connectivity)", "special_zone": "Sofia-Bozhurishte Economic Zone (10% Flat CIT + €2,300 Social Cap)" }, { "hub_id": "bg-plovdiv", "city": "Plovdiv (Trakia Economic Zone)", "country_code": "BG", "country_name": "Bulgaria", "nuts2": "BG42", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 50, "medium_aid_pct": 60, "small_aid_pct": 70, "min_capex_large_eur": 2000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 500000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.15, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 0.85, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 12.2, "electricity_eur_mwh": 124, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1020, "manufacturing_engineer": 1890, "senior_rd_engineer": 3550, "ssc_specialist": 1580 }, "talent_pool_size": "115,000+ Mechatronics, CNC & Electronics", "logistics_score": "9.0/10 (Trakia A1 Motorway to Central Europe & Istanbul)", "special_zone": "Trakia Economic Zone (TEZ — 50% Large / 70% Small Aid + 10% CIT)" }, { "hub_id": "bg-varna", "city": "Varna (Black Sea Port & Shumen Park)", "country_code": "BG", "country_name": "Bulgaria", "nuts2": "BG33", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 50, "medium_aid_pct": 60, "small_aid_pct": 70, "min_capex_large_eur": 2000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 500000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.05, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 0.85, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 11.8, "electricity_eur_mwh": 124, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 990, "manufacturing_engineer": 1840, "senior_rd_engineer": 3450, "ssc_specialist": 1540 }, "talent_pool_size": "85,000+ Maritime, Logistics & IT", "logistics_score": "8.7/10 (Port of Varna + Industrial Park Shumen A2 Corridor)", "special_zone": "Severoiztochen 50%/70% Aid + 0% CIT Eligible Rural Municipalities" }, { "hub_id": "hu-budapest", "city": "Budapest / Pest County Ring", "country_code": "HU", "country_name": "Hungary", "nuts2": "HU12", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 30, "medium_aid_pct": 40, "small_aid_pct": 50, "min_capex_large_eur": 10000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1000000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.55, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.15, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 21.0, "electricity_eur_mwh": 168, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1460, "manufacturing_engineer": 2680, "senior_rd_engineer": 4450, "ssc_specialist": 2120 }, "talent_pool_size": "295,000+ Engineering, Pharma & GBS", "logistics_score": "9.5/10 (M0/M1/M3/M5/M7 Central CEE Motorway Hub)", "special_zone": "Pest Ring 30%–50% CAPEX Aid + Budapest HIPA R&D VIP Cash Grant + 9% CIT" }, { "hub_id": "hu-debrecen", "city": "Debrecen (Eastern EV Megahub)", "country_code": "HU", "country_name": "Hungary", "nuts2": "HU32", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 50, "medium_aid_pct": 60, "small_aid_pct": 70, "min_capex_large_eur": 3000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1000000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.1, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.05, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 15.2, "electricity_eur_mwh": 166, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1350, "manufacturing_engineer": 2480, "senior_rd_engineer": 4050, "ssc_specialist": 1920 }, "talent_pool_size": "110,000+ Automotive, Battery & Chemical", "logistics_score": "9.1/10 (M35/M3 Motorway + Dedicated Rail Terminal + Airport)", "special_zone": "Debrecen Southern & NW Economic Belt (50%/70% EKD Grant + 1.8% Effective CIT)" }, { "hub_id": "hu-gyor", "city": "Győr (Western Transdanubia)", "country_code": "HU", "country_name": "Hungary", "nuts2": "HU22", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 30, "medium_aid_pct": 40, "small_aid_pct": 50, "min_capex_large_eur": 10000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1000000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.25, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.1, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 14.8, "electricity_eur_mwh": 166, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1440, "manufacturing_engineer": 2620, "senior_rd_engineer": 4200, "ssc_specialist": 1980 }, "talent_pool_size": "90,000+ Powertrain & Precision Engineering", "logistics_score": "9.6/10 (M1 Motorway — 60 mins to Vienna & Bratislava)", "special_zone": "Győr International Industrial Park (30%/50% Aid + 9% Flat CIT)" }, { "hub_id": "sk-bratislava", "city": "Bratislava / Trnava-Nitra Belt", "country_code": "SK", "country_name": "Slovakia", "nuts2": "SK02", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 30, "medium_aid_pct": 40, "small_aid_pct": 50, "min_capex_large_eur": 6000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 400000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.75, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.25, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 18.8, "electricity_eur_mwh": 160, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1640, "manufacturing_engineer": 2840, "senior_rd_engineer": 4550, "ssc_specialist": 2250 }, "talent_pool_size": "185,000+ Automotive, Finance & IT (Eurozone)", "logistics_score": "9.6/10 (D1/D2 Junction — 45 mins to Vienna Airport)", "special_zone": "Západné Slovensko 30%–50% Aid (Trnava/Nitra) + 200% R&D Super-Deduction" }, { "hub_id": "sk-kosice", "city": "Košice (Eastern Slovakia)", "country_code": "SK", "country_name": "Slovakia", "nuts2": "SK04", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 50, "medium_aid_pct": 60, "small_aid_pct": 70, "min_capex_large_eur": 1500000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 200000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.05, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.1, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 14.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 158, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1420, "manufacturing_engineer": 2520, "senior_rd_engineer": 4050, "ssc_specialist": 1950 }, "talent_pool_size": "95,000+ EV Manufacturing, Steel & IT Valley", "logistics_score": "8.9/10 (M30 Schengen Highway to Hungary + Broad-Gauge Rail)", "special_zone": "Valaliky Industrial Park / Košice IT Valley (50% Large / 70% Small + Just Transition)" }, { "hub_id": "ee-tallinn", "city": "Tallinn / Harjumaa & Muuga Port", "country_code": "EE", "country_name": "Estonia", "nuts2": "EE00-N", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 15, "medium_aid_pct": 25, "small_aid_pct": 35, "min_capex_large_eur": 2000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 300000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 6.1, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.25, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 19.2, "electricity_eur_mwh": 138, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1720, "manufacturing_engineer": 3050, "senior_rd_engineer": 5050, "ssc_specialist": 2450 }, "talent_pool_size": "115,000+ Deep-Tech, Cyber, AI & Fintech", "logistics_score": "9.1/10 (Muuga Deepwater Free Zone + Helsinki Ferry + Rail Baltica)", "special_zone": "0% Retained Profit CIT Indefinitely + 15%/35% Harjumaa Regional Aid" }, { "hub_id": "ee-tartu", "city": "Tartu & Ida-Virumaa Industrial Corridor", "country_code": "EE", "country_name": "Estonia", "nuts2": "EE00-IV", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 45, "medium_aid_pct": 55, "small_aid_pct": 65, "min_capex_large_eur": 500000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 100000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.1, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.1, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 14.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 134, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1490, "manufacturing_engineer": 2690, "senior_rd_engineer": 4450, "ssc_specialist": 2120 }, "talent_pool_size": "65,000+ Biotech, Rare-Earth & University STEM", "logistics_score": "8.6/10 (Sillamäe Deepwater Port + Narva Industrial Parks)", "special_zone": "Ida-Virumaa Just Transition Fund (up to 45% Large / 65% Small Cash Grant + 0% CIT)" }, { "hub_id": "lt-vilnius", "city": "Vilnius (Capital Tech & Biotech Hub)", "country_code": "LT", "country_name": "Lithuania", "nuts2": "LT01", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 25, "medium_aid_pct": 35, "small_aid_pct": 45, "min_capex_large_eur": 1000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 100000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.8, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.2, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 18.9, "electricity_eur_mwh": 142, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1680, "manufacturing_engineer": 2980, "senior_rd_engineer": 4950, "ssc_specialist": 2420 }, "talent_pool_size": "165,000+ Fintech, Laser Physics & Life Sciences", "logistics_score": "9.0/10 (Vilnius Intermodal Terminal + Via Baltica)", "special_zone": "300% R&D Super-Deduction + 5% IP Box + 1.77% Employer Social Security" }, { "hub_id": "lt-kaunas", "city": "Kaunas & Klaipėda Free Economic Zones", "country_code": "LT", "country_name": "Lithuania", "nuts2": "LT02", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 40, "medium_aid_pct": 50, "small_aid_pct": 60, "min_capex_large_eur": 1000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 100000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.2, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.1, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 15.2, "electricity_eur_mwh": 140, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1540, "manufacturing_engineer": 2760, "senior_rd_engineer": 4500, "ssc_specialist": 2180 }, "talent_pool_size": "130,000+ Automotive Electronics, Medtech & Maritime", "logistics_score": "9.5/10 (Ice-Free Port of Klaipėda + Kaunas Rail Baltica European Gauge)", "special_zone": "Kaunas FEZ & Klaipėda FEZ (10-Yr 0% CIT + 6-Yr 50% CIT + 40%/60% Aid)" }, { "hub_id": "lv-riga", "city": "Riga & Liepāja / Ventspils SEZ Corridor", "country_code": "LV", "country_name": "Latvia", "nuts2": "LV00-REG", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 50, "medium_aid_pct": 60, "small_aid_pct": 70, "min_capex_large_eur": 500000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 100000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.15, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.1, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 16.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 139, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1420, "manufacturing_engineer": 2540, "senior_rd_engineer": 4250, "ssc_specialist": 2050 }, "talent_pool_size": "140,000+ Photonics, Drone/Defense, Wood-Tech & GBS", "logistics_score": "9.2/10 (3 Deepwater Ports + Riga AirBaltic Hub + Rail Baltica)", "special_zone": "0% Retained CIT + Liepāja/Rēzekne SEZ 80% Dividend Tax Rebate (4% Effective)" }, { "hub_id": "pl-lodz", "city": "Łódź (Central Poland Highway Cross)", "country_code": "PL", "country_name": "Poland", "nuts2": "PL71", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 40, "medium_aid_pct": 50, "small_aid_pct": 60, "min_capex_large_eur": 9300000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 465000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.45, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.15, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 13.8, "electricity_eur_mwh": 150, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1490, "manufacturing_engineer": 2610, "senior_rd_engineer": 4120, "ssc_specialist": 2020 }, "talent_pool_size": "155,000+ Industrial, Logistics & IT", "logistics_score": "9.7/10 (A1/A2 Motorway Intersection + China–Europe Rail Terminal)", "special_zone": "Łódź SEZ (PSI 40%–60% Tax Exemption)" }, { "hub_id": "cz-plzen", "city": "Plzeň (West Bohemia Border Hub)", "country_code": "CZ", "country_name": "Czechia", "nuts2": "CZ03", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 20, "medium_aid_pct": 30, "small_aid_pct": 40, "min_capex_large_eur": 3200000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 800000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 6.45, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.3, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 14.2, "electricity_eur_mwh": 168, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1690, "manufacturing_engineer": 2880, "senior_rd_engineer": 4380, "ssc_specialist": 2190 }, "talent_pool_size": "85,000+ Precision Engineering & Automotive", "logistics_score": "9.6/10 (D5 Motorway 65km to Bavarian Border / Nuremberg)", "special_zone": "CzechInvest West Bohemia Investment Zone" }, { "hub_id": "bg-burgas", "city": "Burgas (Black Sea Industrial & Port Zone)", "country_code": "BG", "country_name": "Bulgaria", "nuts2": "BG34", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 50, "medium_aid_pct": 60, "small_aid_pct": 70, "min_capex_large_eur": 1000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 500000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.1, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 0.9, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 10.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 124, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 960, "manufacturing_engineer": 1790, "senior_rd_engineer": 3180, "ssc_specialist": 1420 }, "talent_pool_size": "55,000+ Port Logistics, Chemical & Engineering", "logistics_score": "8.6/10 (Deep-Water Black Sea Container Port + Trakia A1 Highway)", "special_zone": "Industrial & Logistic Park Burgas (Class A Certificate)" }, { "hub_id": "hu-miskolc", "city": "Miskolc (Northern Hungary Industrial Corridor)", "country_code": "HU", "country_name": "Hungary", "nuts2": "HU31", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 50, "medium_aid_pct": 60, "small_aid_pct": 70, "min_capex_large_eur": 3000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 1000000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.8, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.1, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 12.2, "electricity_eur_mwh": 162, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1240, "manufacturing_engineer": 2280, "senior_rd_engineer": 3690, "ssc_specialist": 1740 }, "talent_pool_size": "75,000+ University of Miskolc Mechanical & Materials STEM", "logistics_score": "8.8/10 (M30/M3 Motorway Corridor to Košice & Budapest)", "special_zone": "HIPA Maximum 50%–70% Aid Ceiling Zone + Development Tax Credit" }, { "hub_id": "sk-zilina", "city": "Žilina (Northwest Automotive & Engineering Cluster)", "country_code": "SK", "country_name": "Slovakia", "nuts2": "SK03", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 40, "medium_aid_pct": 50, "small_aid_pct": 60, "min_capex_large_eur": 3000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 500000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.35, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.2, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 13.0, "electricity_eur_mwh": 164, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1490, "manufacturing_engineer": 2580, "senior_rd_engineer": 3950, "ssc_specialist": 1950 }, "talent_pool_size": "70,000+ Automotive OEM (Kia), Mechatronics & IT", "logistics_score": "9.0/10 (Tri-Border Junction: Czechia, Poland & Slovakia D1/D3)", "special_zone": "SARIO Central Slovakia Regional Investment Aid Zone" }, { "hub_id": "lt-klaipeda", "city": "Klaipėda (Baltic Ice-Free Port & FEZ)", "country_code": "LT", "country_name": "Lithuania", "nuts2": "LT02", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 40, "medium_aid_pct": 50, "small_aid_pct": 60, "min_capex_large_eur": 1000000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 100000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 5.2, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.1, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 13.5, "electricity_eur_mwh": 136, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1520, "manufacturing_engineer": 2690, "senior_rd_engineer": 4250, "ssc_specialist": 2080 }, "talent_pool_size": "65,000+ Maritime, CleanTech, E-Mobility & Manufacturing", "logistics_score": "9.3/10 (Ice-Free Deep-Water Baltic Container & Ro-Ro Port)", "special_zone": "Klaipėda Free Economic Zone (10-Yr 0% CIT + 6-Yr 50% CIT)" }, { "hub_id": "lv-liepaja", "city": "Liepāja (Special Economic Zone & Baltic Port)", "country_code": "LV", "country_name": "Latvia", "nuts2": "LV00", "is_baseline": false, "large_aid_pct": 30, "medium_aid_pct": 40, "small_aid_pct": 50, "min_capex_large_eur": 1500000, "min_capex_rd_eur": 300000, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 4.6, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.05, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 11.8, "electricity_eur_mwh": 135, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 1290, "manufacturing_engineer": 2250, "senior_rd_engineer": 3650, "ssc_specialist": 1780 }, "talent_pool_size": "42,000+ Metal Processing, Green Industrial & Port Manufacturing", "logistics_score": "8.8/10 (Direct Ferry Routes to Germany/Scandinavia + Green Industrial Park)", "special_zone": "Liepāja SEZ (80% Rebate on Dividend CIT = 4% Effective + 80% Real Estate Tax Rebate)" }, { "hub_id": "de-munich", "city": "Munich / Southern Germany (Baseline)", "country_code": "DE", "country_name": "Germany", "nuts2": "DE21", "is_baseline": true, "large_aid_pct": 0, "medium_aid_pct": 0, "small_aid_pct": 0, "min_capex_large_eur": 0, "min_capex_rd_eur": 0, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 10.8, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 2.4, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 46.0, "electricity_eur_mwh": 198, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 3850, "manufacturing_engineer": 6400, "senior_rd_engineer": 8600, "ssc_specialist": 4900 }, "talent_pool_size": "Western DACH Reference Benchmark", "logistics_score": "9.8/10 (Core Western European Autobahn Network)", "special_zone": "0% Regional State Aid (29.9% Combined CIT/Trade Tax)" }, { "hub_id": "fr-lyon", "city": "Lyon / Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (Baseline)", "country_code": "FR", "country_name": "France", "nuts2": "FRK2", "is_baseline": true, "large_aid_pct": 0, "medium_aid_pct": 0, "small_aid_pct": 0, "min_capex_large_eur": 0, "min_capex_rd_eur": 0, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 7.9, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 1.95, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 31.0, "electricity_eur_mwh": 156, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 3150, "manufacturing_engineer": 5100, "senior_rd_engineer": 6900, "ssc_specialist": 4100 }, "talent_pool_size": "Western Francophone Reference Benchmark", "logistics_score": "9.5/10 (A6/A7 Rhône Corridor)", "special_zone": "0% Regional State Aid (25% CIT + 43% Employer Social Charges)" }, { "hub_id": "uk-manchester", "city": "Manchester / Midlands Industrial Belt (Baseline)", "country_code": "UK", "country_name": "United Kingdom", "nuts2": "UKD3", "is_baseline": true, "large_aid_pct": 0, "medium_aid_pct": 0, "small_aid_pct": 0, "min_capex_large_eur": 0, "min_capex_rd_eur": 0, "industrial_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 11.4, "service_charge_eur_sqm_mo": 2.1, "office_rent_eur_sqm_mo": 41.0, "electricity_eur_mwh": 235, "wages_gross_eur_mo": { "production_operator": 3300, "manufacturing_engineer": 5450, "senior_rd_engineer": 7600, "ssc_specialist": 4300 }, "talent_pool_size": "UK Industrial Reference Benchmark", "logistics_score": "9.2/10 (M6/M62 Corridor)", "special_zone": "0% EU Regional Aid (25% CT + Highest Industrial Electricity Cost in Europe)" } ] }